Refrigerants with either nitrogen or oxygen molecules in their structure, such like ammonia, are separately grouped and contain a separate nomenclature from the halogenated refrigerants. Some remarks on the nomenclature of refrigerants sciencedirect. Please refer to product literature for specific model number details. While such nomenclature is intended to distinguish specific attributes, nonuniform usage may result in confusion. Class 1 refrigerants used in the standard compression type cooling system. Mixtures are designated by their respective refrigerant numbers and mass proportions as in the example fig. New, natural and alternative refrigerants by dr s f pearson of star refrigeration limited introduction it is an honour to be invited to present this paper despite the rather daunting title.
This document is highly rated by mechanical engineering students and has been viewed 40 times. Classification refrigerants primary refrigerants secondary refrigerants primary. Classification of safety characteristics of refrigerants iso 817. Swep is a worldleading supplier of brazed plate heat exchangers for hvac and industrial applications. Mie would allow greater charge sizes to be used for refrigerants with lower 2l burning velocities or for refrigerants that approach the nonflammable limit. Further information can be found in the latest version of standard 34, available. Information for refrigerants of the a3 safety group, e. Please provide the name, address, and telephone number of the establishment where the refrigerant recovery or recycling devices is are located. Opteon refrigerants low global warming potential refrigerants for air conditioning and refrigeration. The extent of segregation depends on the particular azeotrope and hardware. With regard to environmental impacts, the preferable refrigerant is butane. Jan 17, 2017 to develop the nomenclature for common refrigerants, ashrae developed standard 34, designation and safety classification of refrigerants. History modern refrigeration methods, as distinguished from the use of ice and snow, go back to the early part of the 19th century.
The evaporator is a heat exchanger that allows heat from the chwr to flow by conduction into the refrigerant tubes. The valves are compatible with virtually all of todays commercially available cfc, hcfc and hfc refrigerants and blends. Fellow ashrae mcquay international staunton, virginia usa 1 what is a refrigerant. Ae444 application guidelines for copeland rft, rrt, rst. Refrigerants a refrigerant is a substance or a heat carrying medium which during a refrigerant cycle absorbs heat from a low temperature system and discades the heat absorbed to high temperature system, its a medium of heat transfer through. Static sparks typically occur from clothing, iron screwdrivers, bad electrical grounding, or a torch switch turned on. The company is recognized as one of the largest hvac heating, ventilation, air conditioning manufacturers in the world.
As demonstrated in figure 4, the higher the mie, the. Piping packages factoryassembled piping packages available. For example, classification of refrigerants derivatives of hydrocarbons, saturated and consisting of one substance only shown in the example below. In this unit, you will learn more about hydrocarbons. In replacement nomenclature, the heterocycles name is composed of the carbocycles name and a prefix that denotes the heteroatom. The main difference is that a relatively weak spark can ignite a flammable mixture. The designation rxyz is determined by the chemical composition of the molecule, as described below. Oct 04, 2016 hey guys, refrigerants is nothing but. Handbook of green building design and construction second edition, 2017 related terms. Possibilities of changeover from cfchcfc based refrigerants to hfc or hfo.
The nomenclature of medical devices is a coding system used to generically identify medical devices and related health products. A comparison between refrigerants used in air conditioning derya ozkan, ozden agra and ozlem cetin university of yildiz technical university, turkey corresponding email. Support documents the following documents are provided to assist applicants in preparing applications to sspc 34 for refrigerant designations and safety classifications. Nomenclature of refrigerants or designation of a refrigerant. Further information can be found in the latest version of. The primary refrigerants are those that pass through the processes of compression, cooling or condensation, expansion and evaporation or warming up during cyclic processes. Refrigerant history and nomenclature part 2 forward. Refrigerants are classified by ashrae, and their friends r numbers are assigned in accordance with certain rules. Originally the title given was new and alternative refrigerants but i was also asked to. Refrigerant compressors must be employed only for their intended use. Thus, you can well understand the importance of hydrocarbons in your daily life. Dil is primarily engaged in developing indoor comfort products and refrigeration. R1234yf information the information in this chapter about the use of refrigerants of the a2l safety group refer to european regulations and directives.
This collection is very useful for jee candidates to crack their. Here it gives up the heat into the refrigeration system. Working fluids in refrigeration cycles undergoes phase transition in cycles mostly before going to subject topic first of all we divide all refrigerants in following categories. Download nomenclature of organic compounds chemistry notes for iitjee main and advanced examination. Refrigerant history and nomenclature part 1 forward engineers. The environmental alternative to traditional refrigerants.
Refrigerants can be broadly classified based on the following. Nomenclature of refrigerants or designation of a refrigerant refrigeration and air conditioning mechanical engineering notes edurev notes for mechanical engineering is made by best teachers who have written some of the best books of mechanical engineering. Dil is a global fortune company which celebrated its 90th anniversary in may 2014. Isomers are chemical compounds that have the same atomic compounds and molecular weights, but different molecular structures and properties. May 03, 2020 nomenclature of refrigerants or designation of a refrigerant refrigeration and air conditioning mechanical engineering notes edurev is made by best teachers of mechanical engineering. The generally preferred oil for use with hfcs is a polyol ester poe that has an additive package for refrigeration applications. Pdf seminar is focused on the fundamentals of vapor compression refrigeration. The nonhalogenated refrigerants follow a different naming convention which is dependant upon the series of the refrigerant. Now that you know a little more about the history and general types of refrigerants i recommend you read part 1 if you havent already its time to get to the really interesting part, refrigerant nomenclature or naming convention. State the number of vehicles based at this location that. This refrigerant was introduced commercially in the early 1960s for low temperature applications and is particularly suitable for hermetic compressors.
Model nomenclature t better 2 r22 g good 4 r410a product type a air handler trane convertability product type m multipoise 4way w split heat pump f upflow front return, 3way t split. Pdf refrigerant types, issues, trends and future options. Refrigerants are divided into groups according to their chemical composition. Refrigerants and their application presented by thomas e. In addition, some states or municipalities may have additional requirements that must also be adhered to for.
Generally, an ebook can be downloaded in five minutes or less. Indirect systems with secondary refrigerants or coolants have in sweden long been used for ice rinks and heat pumps and are today increasingly used by supermarket chains for cold storage, cooling. For example, the classification of halogen refrigerants derived from saturated hydrocarbons and consisting of only one substance is illustrated in fig. To develop the nomenclature for common refrigerants, ashrae developed standard 34, designation and safety classification of refrigerants. Working principle under this heading, we have the primary or common refrigerants and the secondary refrigerants. The following is a list of refrigerants with their typeprefix, ashrae designated numbers, iupac chemical name, molecular formula, cas registry number blend name, atmospheric lifetime in years, semiempirical ozone depletion potential, net global warming potential over a 100year time horizon, occupational exposure limitpermissible exposure. Designed to make the most efficient use of energy, material, and space, the technology is quickly winning ground around the world, with swep at the forefront of developments. The newly chilled water leaves the evaporator and is pumped through the chilled water supply chws piping into the cooling coil continuously and the water cycle repeats. These are the mixtures of two or more refrigerants and acts as a compound. Refrigerant characteristics gtac21a discusses refrigerant types, characteristics, and oil compatibility of pure azeotropes, and zeotrope blends.
Refrigerants a refrigerant is a substance or a heat carrying medium which during a refrigerant cycle. The tables contained on this page list approved refrigerant numbers from ansiashrae 342019, designation and safety classification of refrigerants, the latest edition of standard 34, which describes a shorthand way of naming refrigerants and assigns safety classifications based on toxicity and flammability data. Pdf nomenclature of organic compounds chemistry notes. Following the discovery that some of these chemical compounds may be harmful to the environment, they are being replaced with more environmentally friendly alternatives see figure 5. The refrigerants are numbered with an r, followed by the hfcnumber, given by the rules of the fluorocarbons numbering system. Classification of refrigerants, lists over 100 refrigerants. Ae88 20 to 40 ton zpkc and zrkc copeland scroll air.
For the rft, rrt, and rst compressors the refrigerant charge limit is 3. Addendum c to ansiashrae standard 342001 3 a the molecular mass and normal boiling point are not part of this standard. They are also used as the starting materials for manufacture of many dyes and drugs. The process is not easy, and although there are alternatives to old refrigerants. Refrigerant history and nomenclature part 2 forward engineers. Having a nomenclature system in place for medical devices facilitates their management and regulation by standardizing terms that enable communication despite linguistic and other barriers. The federal clean air act section 608 sets forth the requirements for handling, reclaiming, recovering and recycl ing of certain refrigerants and the equipmen t that is used in these service procedures. Automatic controls for industrial refrigeration systems. Outdoor coil fan direct drive fan moves large air volumes uniformly through entire condenser coil for high refrigerant cooling capacity. Designation and safety classification of refrigerants. The highly reliable semihermetic series is designed to be robust and suitable for a variety of refrigerants.
Jan 10, 2017 therefore, i present our first two part series, refrigerant history and nomenclature. Fourth generation refrigerants for the 21st century. This standard also provides safety classifications for flammability and toxicity of refrigerants, but this article will concentrate on the naming only. Chemical refrigerants are assigned an r number which is determined systematically according. With increasing regulatory and legislative actions to limit production, use, or emission of specified. Opteon refrigerants for air conditioning, refrigeration, and heat pump applications have the optimal balance of performance. For example r402a and r402b are made up of the same refrigerants, but with different percentages of each refrigerant. A comparison between refrigerants used in air conditioning. Nomenclature the systempro hfchfo compressor model numbers include the nominal capacity at the standard ari 60hz rating conditions. Additional documents produced by the pc may be available for direct download or for purchase through the ashrae bookstore, as noted below. Refrigerant history and nomenclature part 1 forward. A broad range of disciplines energy conservation and air quality issues, construction and design, and the manufacture of temperaturesensitive products and materials is covered in this comprehensive handbook of air conditioning and refrigeration by shan k.
It establishes a uniform system for assigning reference numbers, safety classifications, and refrigerant concentration. The parker r series refrigeration valves consist of a family of direct and pilot operated solenoid valves for liquid, suction and hot gas defrost application requirements. Refrigerants are classified according to their way of absorption or extraction of heat from substances stored in the refrigerator. It focuses on proper application and safe handling for new, replacement refrigerants used in air conditioning and refrigeration systems. Refrigerant acts as a transportation medium to move heat absorbed in the evaporator to the condenser where it is rejected. Many accounts will trace refrigerants all the way back to the mid1700s when scientists were doing early experiments with evaporation and noticing that the temperature would drop significantly. It also establishes a system for assigning a safety classification to refrigerants based on toxicity and flammability data, and provides a means of determining the refrigerant concentration limit. The engineering nomenclature of refrigerants, as defined by ashrae socalled r names, and iupac nomenclature are compared. Nomenclature roduct pecifications omenclature 3642 5,6,7,8 11,12 brand engineering singlepiece major minor revisions air handler not used for inventory management unit application refrigerant charge ceiling mount psc motor no digit r22 only downflow psc motor 6 r410a or r22 multiposition variablespeed motor multiposition. Vertical air discharge minimizes operating sounds and. Indirect systems with secondary refrigerants or coolants have in sweden long been used for ice rinks and heat pumps and are today increasingly used. Nomenclature refrigerants are classified by ashrae, and their friends r numbers are assigned in accordance with certain rules.
Recommendations for authors of publications on refrigerants are given. Refrigerants are classified by ashrae, and their familiar r numbers are assigned according to certain rules. According to an international agreement, refrigerants are represented by the letter r as in refrigerants followed by a two or threedigit number and, in some cases, one or two letters. Until recently, refrigerants were referred to by standardized designations or trade names. The naming system was firstly developed only for chlorofluorocarbons cfcs by t. The earliest mechanical refrigeration used air as a working fluid. A refrigerant is a substance, usually a fluid chemical compounds, that is used in a refrigeration cycle to cool a space. Download handbook of air conditioning and refrigeration by. Instructions pertaining to risk of electrical shock, fire, or injury to persons. Choice of controls thermostats can be analog, digital display, or programmable. Therefore, i present our first two part series, refrigerant history and nomenclature. Ae444 application guidelines for copeland rft, rrt.
The replacement nomenclature thus, aza, oxa, and thia are prefixes for a nitrogen ring atom, an oxygen ring atom, and a sulfur ring atom, respectively. In regions outside the eu, observe the local regulations. The 2stage reciprocating compressors are designed for an extensive application range and boast an optimised drive gear and efficient motor. Controls can be interfaced with a building automation system, or operate on a standalone basis. Classification of refrigerants, refrigerants, assignment help. Classification can be divided into class 1, class 2, class 3. The following dates and events illustrate the development of the industry and the variety. I was studying the designation of names to refrigerants. Operating envelope there are various refrigerants that have been approved. However, unlike their more common counterparts, the. All valid standards and codes for installing, servicing, and maintaining electrical and refrigeration equipment must be observed. A3 refrigerants a3 are refrigerants with a higher flammability risk than a2l refrigerants. The refrigerants have a thermodynamic property charge. Refrigerant types, issues, trends and future options.
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