The marburg virus is a genetically unique zoonotic that is, animalborne rna virus of the filovirus family, and its recognition led to the creation of this virus family. Cdc viral hemorrhagic fevers emergency preparedness. Marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg hf is a rare, severe type of hemorrhagic fever which affects both humans and nonhuman. Fifteen 2% of 912 participants in a general village crosssectional antibody survey.
Ebola hemorrhagic fever ehf and marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf are rare viral diseases, endemic to central africa. Marburg virus disease, also known as marburg hemorrhagic fever, is a severe illness with a high mortality rate. The world health organization who rates it as a risk. Marburg hemorrhagic fever fact sheet last updated may 5, 2010 what is marburg hemorrhagic fever. Marburg haemorrhagic fever was initially detected in 1967 after simultaneous outbreaks in marburg, from which the disease takes its name, and frankfurt in germany. A detailed description of the marburg hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in the durba area has been published elsewhere 1. The first documented outbreak of this disease was in 1967 in germany and yugoslavia which is currently known as serbia 2. Figure 1 shows a case report form that we propose for use in future marburg ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks. Infected humans can spread the virus to each other through contact with contaminated objects or blood.
The initial, and currently only, outbreak of lujo virus in septemberoctober 2008 left 45 patients dead. In africa, viral haemorrhagic fevers vhfs include lassa fever, rift valley fever, marburg and ebola haemorrhagic fevers, crimeancongo haemorrhagic fever cchf and yellow fever. Figure 1 shows a case report form that we propose for use in future marburgebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks. Pdf marburg hemorrhagic fever associated with multiple. Marburg virus marv causes marburg virus disease in humans and nonhuman primates, a form of viral hemorrhagic fever. Ebola and marburg haemorrhagic fever sciencedirect.
Marburg hemorrhagic fever in durba and watsa, democratic. The infection is caused by the marburg virus marv, an enveloped, nonsegmented, negative. Viral hemorrhagic fevers lassa, marburg, ebola, crimean. Humans initially contract an infection with a haemorrhagic fever virus through exposure to rodents or insects for ebola and marburg vhfs, the natural reservoir is. Marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf was first described in 1967 in an outbreak in germany and the former yugoslavia that was linked to contact with monkeys imported from uganda. Response to imported case of marburg hemorrhagic fever, the netherlands article pdf available in emerging infectious diseases 158. Marburg hemorrhagic fever starts as a nonspecific febrile illness but rapidly progresses to include hemorrhagic complications and, in the most severe cases, a septic shocklike syndrome. Schmitzrapid detection and quantification of rna of ebola and marburg viruses, lassa virus, crimeancongo hemorrhagic fever virus, rift valley fever virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus by realtime reverse transcriptionpcr. Questionnaires were administered and serum samples tested for marburgspecific antibodies by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Marburg hemorrhagic fever is a rare, severe type of hemorrhagic fever which affects both humans and nonhuman primates. We strongly recommend that you talk with a trusted. Marburg virus belongs to the genus marburgvirus in the family filoviridae and causes a severe hemorrhagic fever, known as marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf, in both humans and nonhuman primates. The mystery disease in south sudan has not been identified but is known to cause fever and unexplained bleeding. Disease onset is sudden, with fever, chills, headache, and myalgia.
Marburg hemorrhagic fever view pdf 2kb what is marburg hemorrhagic fever. The viral structure is typical of filoviruses, with long threadlike particles which have a consistent diameter but vary greatly in length from an average of 800. Marburg and ebola viruses are the two members of the filoviridae family. Marburg virus disease mvd formerly known as marburg haemorrhagic fever was first identified in 1967 during epidemics in marburg and frankfurt in germany and belgrade in the former yugoslavia from importation of infected monkeys from uganda. We strongly recommend that you talk with a trusted healthcare. Marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg hf is a rare, severe type of hemorrhagic fever which affects both humans and nonhuman primates. Marburg hemorrhagic fever centers for disease control. An outbreak of marburg hemorrhagic fever in the democratic republic of the congo between 1998 and 2000 had a case fatality rate of 83 percent.
The five species of ebola virus are the only other known members of the filovirus family. Pdf response to imported case of marburg hemorrhagic fever. Analysis of patient data from uige, angola, the journal of infectious diseases, volume 201, issue 12, 15 june. Caused by a genetically unique zoonotic that is, animalborne rna virus of the filovirus family, its recognition led. A maculopapular rash may be noted early in the clinical course in some forms of vhf notably in ebola and marburg hemorrhagic fevers. The responsible pathogen, marburg virus, is a member of the filoviridae family along with the ebola virus 1. In summary, primary cases were found among gold miners, and secondary cases were found among family members.
Viral hemorrhagic fevers, ebola, marburg virus, lassa fever toolkit comprehensive medical encyclopedia with treatment options, clinical data, and practical information two cdrom set u. The infection is caused by the marburg virus marv, an. Mar 07, 2018 marburg hemorrhagic fever or marburg virus is a rare, severe type of hemorrhagic fever which impacts both humans and nonhuman primates. Isolated case of marburg virus disease, kampala, uganda, 2014. Marburg hemorrhagic fever outbreak occurred in germany and yugoslavia in 1967, among laboratory workers who had been exposed to tissues from imported african green vervet monkeys cercopithecus aethiops. Marburg hemorrhagic fever medical definition merriam. Mysterious hemorrhagic fever in south sudan stumps disease. Testing of a later sample has also shown equivocal results for previous infection, so more detailed testing of both samples was conducted and it was confirmed that the patients illness was due to marburg hemorrhagic fever virus. These highly infectious viruses lead to a potentially lethal disease syndrome characterized by fever, malaise, vomiting, mucosal and gastrointestinal gi bleeding, edema, and hypotension. Similar to the more widely known ebola hemorrhagic fever, mhf is characterized by systemic viral replication, immunosuppression and abnormal inflammatory responses. Pdf response to imported case of marburg hemorrhagic. Imported case of marburg hemorrhagic fever colorado, 2008. Fortunately, the disease, marburg hemorrhagic fever, was limited to a small geographic area, but the devastation of lives was much greater than that of many epidemics and was a warning of the numerous factors, including fear, lack of understanding, and deception, that can exacerbate the spread of disease and hinder implementation of restraints.
Questionnaires were administered and serum samples tested for marburg specific antibodies by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Ebolas most notorious symptom may be hemorrhagic fever, but the virus is actually one of many that can cause the hallmark bleeding from the nose, mouth, ears and other places. Marburg haemorrhagic fever who regional office for africa. Thomas, benjamin jeffs, pascoal nascimento folo, pedro pablo palma, bengi moco henrique, luis villa, fernando paixao damiao machado, oscar bernal, steven m. Zaire province has reported its first 6 cases, bringing the number of affected provinces to seven, all concentrated in the northwestern part of. Risk factors for marburg hemorrhagic fever, democratic republic of the congo. This protein mediates infection by binding to the viral envelope glycoprotein. The python cave is a popular destination among tourists to see the batinfested cave. Marburg hemorrhagic fever definition of marburg hemorrhagic. For marburg and ebola that element is the niemannpick c1 npc1 membrane protein 1. Risk factors for marburg hemorrhagic fever, democratic.
Vhfs may be caused by five distinct families of rna viruses. A viral hemorrhagic fever is a possible cause of the plague of athens during the peloponnesian war. Forty years of marburg virus the journal of infectious. These emerging viral hemorrhagic fevers are presumed to be animal borne zoonotic and can be transmitted to humans through contact. Viral hemorrhagic fevers vhfs are a diverse group of animal and human illnesses in which fever and hemorrhage are caused by a viral infection. All types of vhf are characterized by fever and bleeding disorders and all can. Viral hemorrhagic fevers, ebola, marburg virus, lassa. Other symptoms vary by the type of viral hemorrhagic fever but often include fever, malaise, muscle aches, vomiting, and shock. Marburg hemorrhagic fever associated with multiple genetic lineages of virus article pdf available in new england journal of medicine 3559. Marburg virus is a hemorrhagic fever virus of the filoviridae family of viruses and a member of the species marburg marburgvirus, genus marburgvirus. Oct 07, 2014 three days after a fatal case of marburg hemorrhagic fever was diagnosed in uganda, 99 people have been quarantined in four different locations across the east african country, as field. The virus that causes marburg hemorrhagic fever, a disease which affects both humans and nonhuman primates. Strong, heinz feldmann, matthias borchert, factors associated with marburg hemorrhagic fever. Serosurvey on household contacts of marburg hemorrhagic fever patients.
Response to imported case of marburg hemorrhagic fever. Marburg virus disease is caused by viruses that produce symptoms of fever, chills, headaches and muscle aches early in the disease. Risk factors include exposure to african green monkeys and certain bats. Marburg virus is the causative agent of marburg virus disease mvd, a disease with a case fatality ratio of up to 88%. Marburg hemorrhagic fever genetic and rare diseases. Multiple insertions of the virus into the population w. Life cycle of the dengue fever virus hhmi biointeractive video duration. Marburg virus share this page marburg virus belongs to the genus marburgvirus in the familyfiloviridae and causes a severe hemorrhagic fever, known as marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf, in both humans and nonhuman primates. Jan 30, 2009 testing of a later sample has also shown equivocal results for previous infection, so more detailed testing of both samples was conducted and it was confirmed that the patients illness was due to marburg hemorrhagic fever virus.
Bleeding manifestations occur in variable proportions of patients eg, in about 30% of patients with ebola or marburg hemorrhagic fever and in only about 1% of patients with rift valley fever. Response to imported case of marburg hemorrhagic fever, the. A viral hemorrhagic fever is an alternate theory of the cause of the black death and the plague of justinian. Background diagnosis of viral hemorrhagic fever vhf must be made by a physician. Similar to ebola virus, marburg hemorrhagic fever is a very rare but dangerous type of hemorrhagic fever that affects both humans and primates. Similar to the more widely known ebola hemorrhagic fever, mhf is characterized by systemic viral replication, immunosuppression and abnormal inflammatory. Viral hemorrhagic fever, any of a variety of highly fatal viral diseases that are characterized by massive external or internal bleeding or bleeding into the skin. Marburg virus was first recognized in 1967, when outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever occurred simultaneously in laboratories in marburg and frankfurt, germany and in belgrade, yugoslavia now serbia. Marburg hemorrhagic fever associated with multiple genetic. Marburg virus disease was initially detected in 1967 after simultaneous outbreaks in marburg and frankfurt in germany. Mar 16, 2017 viral hemorrhagic fevers vhfs are a group of febrile illnesses caused by rna viruses from several viral families. Triggered by a genetically special zoonotic that is, animalborne rna virus of the filovirus family, its recognition led to the development of this virus family. By who, rxpg as of 7 april, 205 cases of marburg haemorrhagic fever have been reported in angola.
Reducing your chance of infection and recognizing the symptoms early can mean the difference between life and death if you or someone you know contracts marburg. Mvd is a viral hemorrhagic fever vhf, and the clinical symptoms are indistinguishable from ebola virus disease evd. Rollin viral special pathogens branch, the centers for disease control and prevention, atlanta, georgia, united states of america abstract. In western countries, marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf is an imported disease with a low risk of occurrence, but it has a high profile in the public mind because it can be transmitted from person to person, the course is fatal in up to 80% of cases, and the reservoir is uncertain 2,3. Forty years ago, in early august 1967, the first filovirus ever detected, marburg virus, made its appearance in europe, causing severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in laboratory workers in marburg and frankfurt and, about 4 weeks later, in belgrade. Marburg hemorrhagic fever is a rare, severe type of hemorrhagic fever, which affects both humans and nonhuman primates. Reston ebolavirus occurs in the philippines, and has also been reported in prrs virusinfected pigs from a 2008 outbreak in china. Though caused by different viruses, the two diseases are clinically similar. Thirtyone people became ill, initially laboratory workers followed by several medical personnel and family members who had cared for them. Marburg virus is the causative agent of marburg haemorrhagic fever mhf, a disease with a case fatality ratio of up to 88%. Viral hemorrhagic fevers, ebola, marburg virus, lassa fever toolkit comprehensive.
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